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Electromagnetic compatibility standard system

1. EMC standard-setting organization:

The main international EMC standard-setting organizations include the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPER), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the European Electrotechnical Standards Committee (CENELEC), the United States National Standards Committee (ANSI), the Institute of Multinational Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE EMC-S), etc.

The main domestic EMC standard-setting organizations include the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Wireless Interference Electricity, the National Joint Working Group for Electromagnetic Compatibility Standardization, the Electromagnetic Compatibility Committee of the China Electrotechnical Society, and the Electromagnetic Compatibility Committee of the China Power Supply Society.

1.1. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC):

Founded in 1906, it has a permanent establishment and a general office in Geneva. The purpose is to promote international cooperation on all standardization and related issues in the field of electrical, electronic and related technologies, as well as to promote international mutual understanding and trust. There are many technical committees under the IEC, among which TC77 is the research electromagnetic compatibility standard.

1.2. International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPER):

Founded in 1934, the supreme body: the plenary, which is held every three years. The purpose is to facilitate the development of internationally consulted recommendations on industrial interference and to encourage compliance. There are seven sub-committees, each dealing with and studying different interference issues. CISPER'S ACTIVITIES INCLUDE THE ELIMINATION OF ALL PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL RADIO INTERFERENCE IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE ABOVE 10 KHZ, THE STUDY OF MEASUREMENT METHODS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, THE STUDY OF THE PERMISSIBLE LEVEL OF INTERFERENCE CAUSED BY VARIOUS ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES, THE IMMUNITY OF THE RECEIVER TO INTERFERENCE AND THE PERMISSIBLE LEVEL OF INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION WHEN USED, THE IMMUNITY OF THE RECEIVER TO INTERFERENCE AND THE SAFETY OF INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION FILTERS WHEN USING INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION FILTERS.

1.3. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC):

Founded in 1973, it is the most important regional organization for EMC in Europe, with the aim of harmonizing all standards in the electrical field of member states and developing European standards.

1.4. National Technical Committee for Standardization of Wireless Interference Electricity:

Founded in 1985, the purpose is to develop China's radio interference standardization system table, organize the formulation, revision and review of national standards, carry out work corresponding to IEC/CISPER, and carry out quality inspection and certification of related products. There are 8 sub-committees (A~G, S), of which the A~G sub-committees correspond to CISPER. The Subcommittee mainly focuses on the standardization of electromagnetic compatibility related to wireless communications.

Second, EMC standard system:

2.1. Basic standards:

The basic standard is the basis for the development of other EMC standards, and generally does not involve specific products. The basic standard is used to specify the form, environmental characteristics, test methods and measurement methods, test instruments and basic test devices, and can also be used to specify different test grade standards and corresponding test levels.

2.2. General Criteria:

The Common Standard specifies a set of standardized test methods and limit requirements, and gives the specific context in which these methods and requirements apply. That is, the common standard is the minimum requirement for all products in a given environment. If a product does not have a product class standard, the Common Criteria can be used, which classifies the applicable environment into Class A and Class B.

Class A environment (industrial environment) :(1) Workplace of industrial, scientific and medical equipment. (2) Places where large capacitive loads and inductive loads are frequently switched and closed. (3) Places with high currents and strong magnetic fields.

Class B environment (residential, commercial, light industrial environment) :(1) Residential environment: such as residential buildings, apartments and other living places. (2) Business environment: retail outlets such as stores and supermarkets; office buildings, banks and other commercial buildings; cinemas, bars, dance halls and other places of public entertainment; Outdoor places such as gas stations, parking lots, amusement parks, etc. (3) Light industry environment: factories, laboratories, maintenance centers and other light industry sites.

2.3. Product standards:

Product class standards specify specific EMC requirements (emission or immunity limits) as well as detailed measurement procedures for a specific class of products. The product class standard does not specify general test methods like the basic standard, it contains more specificity and detailed specifications than the general standard, and its measurement methods and limits need to be harmonized with the general standard.

2.4. Special product standards:

Specific product standards are used to specify the electromagnetic compatibility requirements and measurement procedures for a product. Generally, the EMC requirements for a specific product are included in the general purpose standard for that particular product and do not form a separate EMC standard. Only in special circumstances will separate EMC requirements and limit requirements be put forward for the product, so that the EMC standard for special products will be formed.

2.5. Interconnection and compatibility standards between systems:

Inter-system standards are used to specify electromagnetic compatibility requirements and limit requirements between two or more independent systems. Most of the general inter-system standards stipulate the protection limits between different systems based on the results of many years of research.

2.6. Other classification methods of electromagnetic compatibility standards:

According to the different aspects of the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the product, the electromagnetic compatibility standard is divided into electromagnetic disturbance standard and electromagnetic immunity standard. According to the different requirements for the implementation of standards, electromagnetic compatibility is divided into mandatory standards, recommended standards, and professional guidance standards. The mandatory standard applies to the standards that must be met by all products of the standard; A recommended standard is a standard that is recommended for products that apply to the standard; Professional guiding standards are guiding requirements for professional products.

3. EMC certification and marking:

3.1. Definition of certification:

It is a process in which a third-party authorized independent authority tests and supervises the manufacturer's products or production system in accordance with relevant national or international regulations and standards, and issues test reports and certificates on whether they pass or not. Main certifications of electronic products: safety certification, EMC certification (electromagnetic compatibility), environmental protection certification (ROHS, WEEE)

3.2. Certification mark:

Because electromagnetic compatibility is closely related to people's lives, countries around the world have formulated EMC certification standards to limit the radiation of electronic products. The main EMC certifications are United States FCC certification, European CE certification, China CCC certification, Korea KC certification, Japan VCCI certification, and Australian C-TICK certification.